You might be surprised to learn that biking does not increase the size of your leg muscles in proportion to the amount of hours you spend cycling and the effort you exert. That's because of the lack of resistance generated by cycling. The muscles that get worked the most are the quads. Bicycling suggests that you perform off-bike exercises for your hamstrings, so as not to get that unbalanced look that some hard-core cyclists sport in their legs. Just as setting the incline on a treadmill higher forces you to push harder with your legs, so does going up a hill on a bicycle. Riding uphill requires that you push your body's weight and your bike weight with your quadriceps and hamstrings - and your gluteus maximus if you are riding in a sitting position. Cycling uses predominantly the quadriceps, calves and glutes during the seated pedal on the down stroke. Raising your heels while standing will require you to use more calf muscle.
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